The theory is appealing because it is a simple and effective method of encouraging changes in behavior. People have long applied operant conditioning to help children and teenagers learn in school. For example, using harsh punishments on a child who is prone to anger may worsen the existing issues. Punishments focus on stopping behaviors rather than teaching good behaviors in their place.ĭeciding whether to use punishments or negative reinforcement will depend on the desired change in behavior and the child.A fear of punishment could develop into a fear of other situations relating to the punishment, such as a fear of going to school if that is where punishment occurs.Punishments can create anger and other negative feelings, potentially leading to worse problems.
People design punishments to discourage a particular behavior or type of behavior, but they use negative reinforcement to encourage it.Ī punishment could involve removing a reward or applying an unpleasant stimulus. In a sense, they are, in fact, opposites. It is easy to mistake negative reinforcement for a type of punishment, but there is a fundamental difference between the two. For example, if an alarm sounds when a person starts driving without putting their seat belt on, they will quickly learn to put their seat belt on when they get in the car to avoid the unpleasant alarm sound. The same idea can apply in everyday life. Over time, the animal will learn to stop the current immediately using the lever.
Instead, the animal may need to press a second lever to stop the electric current and allow it to get the food without the electric shock. However, if the animal tries to get the food by simply pushing the button, it will receive a small but uncomfortable electric shock. The box may, for example, contain a lever or button that an animal can press for food or water. Skinner demonstrated his operant conditioning theory by observing animals in what researchers came to call a Skinner box. Negative reinforcement allows the person or animal to remove the negative stimuli in exchange for a reward. Behaviors without reinforcement, according to operant conditioning, will not reoccur. Reinforcing behaviors makes them more likely to occur again. Operant conditioning centers on the idea of reinforcement. Negative reinforcement is part of operant conditioning, which was a theory of learning that B. People typically use this technique to help children learn good patterns of behavior, but it can also play a role in training animals and pets. Negative reinforcement is the encouragement of certain behaviors by removing or avoiding a negative outcome or stimuli. Share on Pinterest People can use negative reinforcement to encourage a particular behavior.
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